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51
Spreadsheets / Re: My FCFE DCF Spreadsheet
« Last post by galumay on January 08, 2023, 10:18:15 AM »
I no longer use anything like this spreadsheet, and I really wouldn't recommend downloading it or using it!

The spreadsheet I use now for my primary research uses Quick FS as a data source and I use it to look at ROIIC, Reinvestment rate, compounding rate, FCF yield, a really simple proxy for DCF valuation that has all the metrics reverse engineered - so I can see what assumptions are baked in the current price - RoR, FCF, Growth.

52
Shares / Re: Companies I didnt buy
« Last post by galumay on January 07, 2023, 08:24:52 PM »
Ran my ruler over a few things today, I am laid up with Covid and have plenty of time to research! $COG is one I have looked at a couple of times, but the FCF has really taken a hammering and I just think I already own better businesses than this so better adding to existing positions. This is often the case as an investor, its taken me a while to learn the lesson, always compare a new opportunity to what I already hold, its much less exciting, but often the best course of action is just to apply neew capital to the best existing investment!

I also had a look at $ASH, but while I quite like it, its too expensive relative to my range of IV.

Looked at one I used to hold and got out of, $ADA, couldn't find enough conviction to consider it seriously again, it had a bad 2022 and should be a lot cheaper IMO, if it were round 50c I would consider it more seriously.

$MFB.NZ has some interesting metrics, but too new for my liking, also an obvious Covid beneficiary.
53
Shares / Re: AASB 16 Accounting Standards Distortions
« Last post by galumay on January 02, 2023, 06:39:30 PM »
Case study in Beacon. BLX.AX

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As we can see, in FY 2020, with the introduction of IFRS 16, the depreciation jumps massively, due to the property leases now being treated in this totally distorted way. This causes a huge jump in so called "Operating Cashflows".

It also shows up in the financing section of the cash flow statement where 'other' is actually lease repayments, which is actually just the property lease payments, so this is the minus to offset the distorted plus of the 'depreciation' - but of course when FCF is traditionally calculated we dont look at the financing section, we just take OCF, and then subtract PP&E as a proxy for Capex. So basically the real FCF is about half what it looks like due to the stupidity of IFRS 16. Now we can no longer rely on services like Quick FS for FCF, we have to go through the Annual Reports and hand calculate for every business. As well as looking for other distortions like SBC & Software capitalisation as Andrew pointed out in his tweet.

So from the AR we have to dig into the notes to uncover the depreciation that is relevant - "Depreciation ? right of use assets" in this case about $22m that directly boosted the fake FCF!

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Then we go back to the CF Statement and subtract this 'depreciation' from the OCF, $61m-$22m=$39m then $39m-$7.9m PP&E = $31.1m

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so $31.1m/223,321,000 shares on issue, 14c per share FCF, compared to the reported FCF of 24c

For FY22 their FCF has dropped to 9.5c per share against 19c reported


54
Shares / AASB 16 Accounting Standards Distortions
« Last post by galumay on December 17, 2022, 05:34:31 PM »
Impact of AASB 16 accounting standard on valuations via FCF.

If, like me, you use FCF as an input into a valuation model, its essential to understand the impact of the AASB 16 accounting standard. Basically it makes traditional FCF calculations completely incorrect and therefore massively distorts valuations (to the more expensive side.) This is true for any business that has significant leases.

Because nearly all research services use a traditional means of measuring FCF so they are nearly all incorrect!

This article is the best explanation I have seen to date.

http://lawbitrage.xyz/2020/10/free-cashflow-calculation-in-a-post-ifrs-16-world/

Also,

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55
General Discussion / Re: Decision Journal
« Last post by galumay on December 14, 2022, 05:30:43 PM »
I have been thinking about taking an initial position in Beacon Lighting, BLX. It meets the criteria I look for in a business, its got a strong ROIIC of over 40%, a re investment rate of over 35% and FCF yield of nearly 10%. Divvy yield is 4.5% I dont think its particularly expensive, at around $1.97 it is trading at a discount to my range of value of around $2.40. Reverse engineering it implies growth of only 0.4% or 16c per share FCF compared to the current 19c.

My friend Chris VanAanholt knows the management team and speaks very highly of them and their integrity and motivation.

The biggest threat to the business is probably a downturn in the housing and construction sector, something that is certainly possible in the next couple of years. With such strong metrics BLX should be able to weather any negative economic cycle in the housing sector, of course it may become considerably cheaper if that eventuates.

a further risk is that the recent strong FCF and profit metrics are a one off result of Covid and are not indicative of a structural change in the business. Contrary indicators for this thesis is fairly stable revenue growth over the last 8 years, averaging 9%, the outlier was 2021 at 14.5% and 2022 looks to be a return to baseline with 5.5% sales growth and 8% EPS growth. The two covid outliers were definitely 2020 2021. The interesting thing is they have been able to grow gross & net margins thru 2020-2022. This means they were nimble enough to adjust the business for all of the issues, covid, supply chain, inflation etc. In saying all of that, the risk is that the roll off of the beneficial effects of covid on the business have not yet flowed thru, so we dont see them in the 2022 results, but 2023 reverts to mean and we could see EPS halve along with FCF. This would see a range of value around $1.50 by my calculations.

Another potential threat to the business is management losing their direction and starting to make poor capital allocation decisions, or embark on ambitious M&A activities. This seems possible but improbable given the high % of founder ownership of the business - the Robinson family hold 55% of the business. (top 20 hold 85%)

SO thinking about it probalistically, if the worst combination hits, housing spending roll off and post covid revert to mean, 10% chance $1, just one of these 10% $1.50, neither of them but business stagnates, 25% $2.00, business continues growth trajectory due to structural change and capital allocation, 35% $2.50, this and it gets run up by new investors on the back of these results, 20% $3.50 = 10c + 15c + 50c + 87.5c + 70c = $2.32 I give a stronger weight to the more positive outcomes just because of the history of revenue and earnings growth, the ROIIC and reinvestment rates and the management team.

Also the business has been operating since 1967, so over 50 years, the Lindy effect implies its likely to keep going!

The balance sheet is strong, only a small amount of debt and cash on hand is 2x debt.

BLX also dabbles in property management, from the AR -

During FY2022, through the Large Format Property Fund, Beacon Lighting acquired a 50% interest in large format retail properties in Modbury (SA), Bathurst (NSW) and Mildura (VIC). This property portfolio complements the other four large format retail properties which were acquired in FY2021. Currently, four of the properties are fully tenanted while the other three properties require further development.

Just realised the FCF is totally distorted by AASB 16 accounting, when the lease expenses are added back into operating expences where they belong, FCF is more than halved. This totally distorts my valuation for the business and I no longer consider it to have any margin of safety at current prices, in fact its grossly over priced relative to my re-calsulated FCF.

I am revisiting this decision because I really like this business so I am going to do some more thinking about it.

Current price implies FCF growth of 6%, which seems high for a retailer, but they have managed to grow EPS at just under 20% for the last 8 years, and revenue at nearly 9.5% (that alone is very telling, growing earnings faster than revenue is very unusual.)

FCF 2020 - 6.5c
2021 - 14c
2022 - 9.5c

8 years ago it was 2c so FCF has grown at over 20% also

So is the growth sustainable or is it some distortion of Covid etc? 2020 & 2021 certainly look like outliers, EPS growth of 37% & 67%, but that doesnt tell the whole story, as revenue in those 2 years only grew by 2.4% & 14.5% respectively. Somehow they grew gross margins by about 5% from 64% to 69% which was a big contributer to the increased EPS.

The company explanation was,

"The gross profit was improved by everyday pricing, improved procurement negotiations and favorable foreign currency movements."

Update 8/1/23 Ironically while I was slowly trying to talk myself into paying up a bit more for a position in BLX, the price has risen over 15%! So now I just sit and watch.
56
Shares / Re: Investment Wisdom from Others
« Last post by galumay on December 10, 2022, 06:47:19 PM »
More Wisdom from Howard Marks from Oaktree, November 2022. Back to his best after a couple of lost years.

https://www.oaktreecapital.com/insights/memo/what-really-matters
58
Shares / Re: Investment Wisdom from Others
« Last post by galumay on November 13, 2022, 08:14:32 AM »
Seth Klarman.

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59
General Discussion / Re: yachts
« Last post by galumay on November 10, 2022, 07:33:22 AM »
Lumiel

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60
Shares / Re: NTD
« Last post by galumay on November 07, 2022, 08:14:53 PM »
I have been reflecting on my failure to sell NTD in late 2021 when it was obvious they had done two things, lied about reducing debt and in fact increased debt to a much higher level that I would ever normally accept.

Looking back to my first post about NTD above, I am reminded that I was uncomfortable even with the initial amount of debt in the business, it was only the explanation of a fellow investor about how the debt was being used that let me take a position.

In hindsight that was my first mistake, I should have stuck to my rules and not taken a position.

I then compounded that by not selling in late 2021 when I realised not only had the debt exploded out of control, but management had also lied about paying debt down at the expense of dividends. Amazingly had I sold then I would have made around 3x on my cost price of 55c for the initial parcel!

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NTD around $1.65 in Dec 2021

Because I averaged up into a bigger holding my average price is now 96c and the current price is 66c so I am down about 33%

I am sorely tempted to sell now and cut my losses, and I am sure many would advise that as being the best course of action. At this stage though I am more inclined to wait until the next update and see if there has been any move to control the debt and whether in fact the acquisitions have helped the bottom line. I feel like business cycles are quite long, I am a very long term investor and I should give the business a chance to execute over a reasonable time period.

Thinking about it I should email management and ask specifically why I should trust them after they lied about the debt reduction and whether they have made any progress on this front.
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